albert speer brother stalingrad

[48] He also said: " en route to my ministry on the city highway, I could see crowds of people on the platform of nearby Nikolassee Railroad Station. Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. [164] Brechtken said that if his extensive involvement in the Holocaust had been known at the time of his trial he would have been sentenced to death. [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. Ultimately, when their emergence involved the ruin of all his work, Speer accepted the consequences and acted. [157] In return they were paid handsomely in royalties and other financial inducements. [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. Secured early release from prison, became a media celebrity and successfully cultivated the "clean Speer" myth. [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. [68] Hitler was closely involved with the design of the tanks, but kept changing his mind about the specifications. Speer-Weber, Magarete, born 08-09-1905 in Heidelberg, lived there all her live, they also had a house near Hitler's Berghof on the Obersalzberg and was a girlfriend of Eva Braun (see Braun parents) and a regular visitor on the Berghof of Berchtesgaden. [49] Martin Kitchen described Speer's often repeated line that he knew nothing of the "dreadful things" as hollowbecause not only was he fully aware of the fate of the Jews he was actively participating in their persecution. The houses still look very much the same. [97] However, he concluded that the war was lost after Soviet forces captured the important Silesian industrial region later that month. Described by associates as ice cold. [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. Today: Still there. Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. The Israeli documentary "Speer Goes to Hollywood," directed by Vanessa Lapa, traces this attempted 1970s reinvention of Albert Speer, who served as Hitler's architect and was sentenced . The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. The book was a worn, thick burgundy paperback, spine splintered in three parts, tiny print . [111] Speer provided information to the Allies, regarding the effects of the air war, and on a broad range of subjects, beginning on 10 May. [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. Having served his full term, Speer was released in 1966. [135] Speer's efforts for an early release came to naught. This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. "[3], On the other hand, in a 1973 Bryn Mawr College review, Barbara Miller Lane wrote, "Scholars have observed so many gaps in his account of the operation of his ministry as to shed considerable doubt on the whole. [39], Plans to build a new Reich chancellery had been underway since 1934. This led to the development of Germany's first cyclotron. [99] During January and February, Speer claimed that his ministry would deliver "decisive weapons" and a large increase in armaments production which would "bring about a dramatic change on the battlefield". A groundbreaking 26-part documentary series narrated by the actor Laurence Olivier about the deadliest conflict in history, World War II. This delayed the program, and Speer was unable to remedy the situation. [1]:506,699701. The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. Reporters and photographers crowded both the street outside Spandau and the lobby of the Hotel Berlin where Speer spent the night. [130] Speer also read, studied architectural journals, and brushed up on English and French. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. Speer, imenovan tudi prvi arhitekt Tretjega rajha , je bil Hitlerjev glavni arhitekt v nacistini Nemiji, leta 1942 pa je v Hitlerjevem kabinetu postal minister za oboroitev. "It is not charity; I don't like that . They're private residences. [20], Shortly after Hitler came into power, he began to make plans to rebuild the chancellery. On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. For a treatise on this aspect of the war including Speer's involvement see: Randall, Hansen, Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions, "Trials of the War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals, Volume II: The Milch Case", "Wartime reports debunk Speer as the good Nazi", "Letter proves Speer knew of Holocaust plan", "Historiker ber Albert Speer: "Er tat alles fr den Endsieg", "Rechtfertigung und Entlastung. Until 2 September 1943 the position's official name was Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions. He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz, increasing the total human capacity to 132,000. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [6] He followed in the footsteps of his father and grandfather and studied architecture. Martin Kitchen, a British historian, says that the choice was not surprising. [54], In 1941, Speer was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 2 (Berlin-West). For other uses, see, Party architect and government functionary, Berlin's General Building Inspector (19371942). He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/pr/; German: [pe] (listen); 19 March 1905 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. Progress was slow because fuel was rationed and Army Group A were given priority. sent during this battle. [76], Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. He had walked more than 30,000 kilometres (19,000mi), ending his sentence near Guadalajara, Mexico. He assumed his German readers would not be so gullible and told them the Nazi Party offered a "new mission". [118] On 1 October 1946, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. [155] Speer was photographed with slave laborers at Mauthausen concentration camp during a visit on 31 March 1943; he also visited Gusen concentration camp. body was never found or returned to the family and there are some [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". Albert Speer, (born March 19, 1905, Mannheim, Baden, Germanydied September 1, 1981, London, England), German architect who was Adolf Hitler's chief architect (1933-45) and minister for armaments and war production (1942-45). His mother died in 1952. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad [179], Little remains of Speer's personal architectural works, other than the plans and photographs. Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. Na Nrnberkom procesu preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. "[1]:498507, In a 23 August 1970 review published in The New York Times, John Toland wrote that the book "is not only the most significant personal German account to come out of the war but the most revealing document on the Hitler phenomenon yet written. . [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". [75] By April 1943, Sauckel had supplied 1,568,801 "voluntary" laborers, forced laborers, prisoners of war and concentration camp prisoners to Speer for use in his armaments factories. [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. Speer has paid his penance for his part of the inner circle and had come to the realization of Germany's reality during WWII. After his release on 1 October 1966, he used Federal Archive documents to rework the material into his autobiography. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. [152], After his release from Spandau, Speer portrayed himself as the "good Nazi". Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. Speer, Albert, born 19-03-1905 in Mannheim, Baden Wrttemberg, as second of three brothers, Hermann born 1902 and Ernst born 1906, of Albert Friedrich Speer and Louise Mathilde Wilhelmine Speer (born Hommel). He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. [33] He was to report directly to Hitler, and was independent of both the mayor and the Gauleiter of Berlin. [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [183], This article is about the Nazi minister. Albert Speer, Germany Architect. This was probably the start of the downfall of the Reich. Son of Albert Friedrich Speer and Luise Mathilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) Speer. [136] Speer served a full term and was released at midnight on 1 October 1966. However Speer secured Hitler's support, and on 1 March 1942, Gring signed a decree naming Speer "General Plenipotentiary for Armament Tasks" in the Four Year Plan. He was 76 years old. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. If built, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators. Albert Speer was a close confidant of Hitler, and the Third Reich's most celebrated architect. [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. [1] In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany on March 19, 1905, to Luise and Albert. [160] This construction was accepted almost at face value by historian Hugh Trevor-Roper when investigating the death of Adolf Hitler for British Intelligence and in writing The Last Days of Hitler. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". [137], Speer's release from prison was a worldwide media event. [99] In reality, he had sought to prolong the war until further resistance was impossible, thus contributing to the large number of deaths and the extensive destruction Germany suffered in the conflict's final months. Speer's father ran one of the more prosperous architecture firms in the area. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. [146] So great was the need to believe this "Speer Myth" that Fest and Siedler were able to strengthen iteven in the face of mounting historical evidence to the contrary. At that time, he asked the Milch at the Luftwaffe to find Ernst and retrieve him. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . Ernst Speer. This article is about the book. The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. [23][24], In the English version of his memoirs, Speer says that his political commitment merely consisted of paying his "monthly dues". Speer was loyal to Hitler, and his experience building prisoner of war camps and other structures for the military qualified him for the job. She married Prince Albert who was her cousin. von Speer, Albert: und eine groe Auswahl hnlicher Bcher, Kunst und Sammlerstcke erhltlich auf AbeBooks.de. After the disasters of the battle of Moscow (Operation Typhoon) and even after Stalingrad Germany manages to greatly increase its military production, even though the allies were launching a major bombing campaign against them. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". For the television film based on the book, see, :55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Sarah Word from the British film magazine ", Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inside_the_Third_Reich&oldid=1132240858, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 23:15. [30] Nuremberg was the site of many official Nazi buildings. [176] In 2007, The Guardian reported that a letter from Speer dated 23 December 1971, had been found in a collection of his correspondence with Hlne Jeanty, the widow of a Belgian resistance fighter. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. He lost Hitler's unconditional support and began to lose power. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. Hello. Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. [5] Speer was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. [citation needed], At the Nuremberg Trials, Speer was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his use of prisoners in the armaments factories while Minister of Armaments. By Dorothy . Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. [51] Speer used forced Jewish labor on these projects, in addition to regular German workers. sort by. Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. like so many other Germans his [74] In occupied areas of the Soviet Union, that had been subject to partisan action, civilian men and women were rounded up en masse and sent to work forcibly in Germany. The manuscript led to two books: first Erinnerungen ("Recollections") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1969), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1970 as Inside the Third Reich; then as Spandauer Tagebcher ("Spandau Diaries") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1975), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1976 as Spandau: The Secret Diaries. A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. He was not involved in the plot, and played a minor role in the regime's efforts to regain control over Berlin after Hitler survived. he is one of Germany's top architects. Schmidt authored the first book that was highly critical of Speer. He set about extending his power and influence with unexpected ambition. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. August 1, 2017. Speer was to be replaced by his subordinate, Karl-Otto Saur. [16][b] The same year, with stipends shrinking amid the Depression, Speer surrendered his position as Tessenow's assistant and moved to Mannheim, hoping to make a living as an architect. [100] Speer gained control over the railways in February, and asked Heinrich Himmler to supply concentration camp prisoners to work on their repair. [5] Wolters and longtime Speer secretary Annemarie Kempf, while not permitted direct communication with Speer in Spandau, did what they could to help his family and carry out the requests Speer put in letters to his wifethe only written communication he was officially allowed. "[4] Martin Kitchen's 2015 biography of Speer comes to much the same conclusion. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. The task force was established by 1 March 1944, orders of Speer, with support from Erhard Milch of the Reich Aviation Ministry. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. all Albert Speer wanted was to feel important. The cylinder is now a protected landmark and is open to the public. Air attacks on the transport network were particularly effective, as they cut the main centres of production off from essential coal supplies. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. He added a stone exterior that pleased Hitler. [123] Wolters raised a total of DM158,000 for Speer over the final seventeen years of his sentence. I'd like to know more about his life; all I know is that he was inside Stalingrad's. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 07:49, Post [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. On May 15th, 1945, the Americans captured Speer and quizzed him on the success or otherwise of the Allied bombing campaign. [5], Following his release from Spandau, Speer donated the Chronicle, his personal diary, to the German Federal Archives. [8] In 1924, when the crisis had abated, he transferred to the "much more reputable" Technical University of Munich. 4.10 avg rating 13,205 ratings published 1969 86 editions. Albert Speer was a young architect initially seduced by the speeches and rhetoric of Hitler. Inside the Third Reich (German: Erinnerungen, "Memories") is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. Brother of Hermann Speer and Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer. By the autumn of 1942 however, the estimated period for developing a weapon had increased to three to four years, much too long to affect the war. Speer went on to quote Hitler as telling him privately after the remilitarization of the Rhineland, "We will create a great empire. [60] Speer set out to gain control not just of armaments production in the army, but in the whole armed forces. [57] Speer succeeded Todt not only as Reich Minister but in all his other powerful positions, including Inspector General of German Roadways, Inspector General for Water and Energy and Head of the Nazi Party's Office of Technology. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. Although survivor Francisco Boix testified at the Nuremberg trials about Speer's visit,[172] Taylor writes that, had the photo been available, he would have been hanged. Como Ministro do Armamento, Speer foi responsvel pela grande produtividade da Alemanha neste setor nos anos finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. Importantly, he provided an alibi to older Germans who had been Nazis. Inside the Third Reich (German: Erinnerungen, "Memories") is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost. Speer asked Wolters to destroy the material he had omitted from his donation but Wolters refused and retained an original copy. He was the second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. [181] The tribune of the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg, though partly demolished, can also be seen. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . ", The main body of the book effectively ends when Speer, by this point having joined Karl Dnitz's government seated in Schleswig-Holstein, receives news of Hitler's death. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. To rebuild the chancellery project, the Americans captured Speer and Berthold Konrad Albert. British historian, says that the war was lost after Soviet forces captured the Important Silesian industrial region that... 'D like to know more about his life readers would not be so gullible and told the. Only to support Speer 's family, but Albert Speer 's family, but,,... [ 121 ] there he was sentenced to 20 years ' imprisonment was by! By order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of in 1941, Speer also sought to himself... 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