RESPECT another person's right to have opinions and thoughts . Step up, step back: If you usually speak up often or you find yourself talking more than others, challenge yourself to lean in to listening and opening up space for others. After the group has completed a task, debriefing is an important step to take in order to gain insight into understanding the process and results. 5. Each sessionwill be a facilitated discussion of selected chapters, led by a member of the Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Committee. It is not enough to login and read the discussion thread of others. Get together with people around the world to develop your skills in leading successful meetings and workshops in a one-of-a-kind online learning experience. Assume participants all have the same expectations when the group first convenes. Meeting rules defining dos and donts discussions management. The following ground rules and operating norms have been established, and team members have agreed to hold each other accountable for adherence to these rules and norms: Decision-maker attendance is expected. No lurking in the cyberspace background. So lets make sure we are listening 100 percent. INTRODUCE YOURSELF. Do group members want to be called on or would they like to speak freely? Discussion prompts may include: . Writing participants comments on the whiteboard. Facilitating Political Discussions from the Institute for Democracy and Higher Education at Tufts Universityis designed to assist experienced facilitators in training others to facilitate politically charged conversations. It is not necessary to have a thorough knowledge of the topic with actual facts and figures but at least the basic information on the topic will be good . If youre asked your opinion directly, you should answer honestly. Use (or allow others to use) disrespectful language or tone, or disrespectful non-verbal communication. Creating and maintaining a diverse and inclusive branch takes planning, support and intention. Be committed to identifying beneficial ways to talk to others about inclusion issues and realize the conversations will not be perfect every time. Regardless of the forum, conversations about diversity and inclusion can be difficult. (Do not merely formulate what you are going to say while others are talking.) Take responsibility for your own learning. A local coalition forms a task force to address the rising HIV rate among teens in the community. Build trust and a sense of safety among group participants. What's said at group stays at group. This is the new edition of the award-winning guide to social justice education. One is to state your opinion, but make very clear that its an opinion, not a fact, and that other people believe differently. Confidentiality. Feito, J. The International Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, accessed July 2008. http://academics.georgiasouthern.edu/ijsotl/v1n1/feito/ij_feito.htm. By providing some examples of ground rules and healthy communication, this resource supports optimizing communication, an important part of Key Driver 4: Create and support high functioning teams to . Your contribution can help change lives. Consider implementing these 11 ground rules with all meeting attendees in advance to get everyone on board. Remind everyone to be aware of time, and to make their points succinctly so everyone has the chance to share. Ground rules help the facilitator establish what behaviors are expected of the focus group participants. As instructors, offer points for participating in conversations. Explain the reasoning leading to your conclusions. If the group starts to veer in the direction of negativity and/or pointless venting, ask them how they would like to address this. Question first Guide for Setting Ground Rules. 1. . Part of your job here is to protect minority rights, i.e., unpopular or unusual ideas. 10. 1. There are many possible purposes for a group discussion, such as: Possible leadership styles of a group discussion also vary. Ground rules The dedication of its employees and other stakeholders to creating a supportive and secure environment for the larger community is something Northeastern University appreciates. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. So how do you do that? The two "A"s stand for "Adding" and "Alternatives", which makes this rule easy to remember. How you challenge prejudice is the real question. Acknowledge that we are all systematically taught misinformation about our own group and about members of other groups. Be clear up front about expectations and intentions amongst participants and the facilitator. Iowa State University of Science and Technology However, any class can benefit from ground rules that set expectations for respectful dialogue. Your transparency will encourage others. Ask students to think about the best group discussions they have been a part of, and reflect on what made these discussions so satisfying. The chances are that, like most of us, you fall somewhere in between the extremes of the leader who sets the agenda and dominates the group completely, and the leader who essentially leads not at all. s UY8+/W~=jn]y+-S>z=)^w}7UO0E70N!T Vd5[Ic|0R>>SZ *}:?4I5u4O3rWoP^9Ax9ktC'g)FybD^C[40#B1{RXOQ7zKt;c[4y%]:RUYQSBC2F@)]R.6)5fh_LmKLQ #(A-)(Lhpi Y8z012-:'5J-X'%F'B^5V"vAj A way to approach non-participants is to provide opportunities for smaller group discussions or pair-share discussions. Stay mentally and physically present. What is said in the group, stays in the group. That reaction not only leaves the conflict unresolved and therefore growing, so that it will be much stronger when it surfaces later but fails to examine the issues that it raises. The materials are broken down into "modules" and facilitation trainers can use some or all of them to suit their needs. A variety of points of view are put forward and discussed, The discussion is not dominated by any one person, Arguments, while they may be spirited, are based on the content of ideas and opinions, not on personalities, Even in disagreement, theres an understanding that the group is working together to resolve a dispute, solve a problem, create a plan, make a decision, find principles all can agree on, or come to a conclusion from which it can move on to further discussion. To that end, there are some ground rules for participating in the group that we ask that everyone follow. How to have a Diversity and Inclusion Conversation. This forces participations to clarify their ideas, helps them to avoid miscommunication, and offers a much better ground for constructive discussions and feedback. Ask dominant participants to allow others to speak. Discussion guidelines contribute to building a sense of community and provide a common ground for everyone entering a discussion. Be prompt in arriving to the meeting and in returning from breaks. Participations often fall into patterns of using language that generalizes assumptions and opinions for everyone. Once stated, anyone in the meeting can say "ELMO!" Share personal experiences rather than make general statements about groups of people (stereotyping). These Ground Rules are not static and continue to be refined over timeparticularly as we seek to decenterexpectations of "comfort" andsilence asstrategies for non-engagement. Boice, R. (1996) First-Order Principles for College Teachers: Ten Basic Ways to Improve the Teaching Process (Bolton, MA: Anker Publishing Co.). Even where thats not the case, facing the conflict reasonably, and looking at the roots of the ideas on each side, can help to focus on the issue at hand and provide solutions far better than if one side or the other simply operated alone. The presence of conflict can help us problem solve, innovate new ways of doing things, generate new ideas and perhaps most importantly, it can help us expand our understanding of new concepts and experiences. 2 "Disagree without being disagreeable" Your ground rules the issue of respecting everyone should address this issue, and it probably wont come upbut there are no guarantees. This isn't Diversity 101. 1. "/$D~+nJ1L /}4(Rsb` x+yMD iHQEE(Bcu`9Q9^0=3Qoh*V'Bmd`hC/fC`]U66H0Fs1(mh{*W When conflict arises, what matters when is how we deal with it. Limit Sharing: We are considerate that everyone in the group needs to share. All rights reserved, Call Number: LC191 S38 2017 ; Also available as an ebook. Each person gets a chance to talk. A group discussion is a type of meeting, but it differs from the formal meetings in a number of ways: An effective group discussion generally has a number of elements: Many group discussions have no specific purpose except the exchange of ideas and opinions. Be conscious of body language and nonverbal responses: They can be as disrespectful as words. Discomfort and silence are ok, but balance with a clearly stated context and purpose. Turn off/silence all cell phones, blackberries, etc. 4. (1). Such ground rules are especially important when discussing controversial or otherwise challenging topics. A college class in human services approaches the topic of dealing with reluctant participants. ", 4. Over-generalize behavior or have stereotypical expectations of participants (tokenism). They are sometimes called working agreements, guidelines, or expectations. "Tackle problems, not people" helps to avoid this, by using language that focuses on the objective problems at hand. This can have a negative impact on the meeting. The Tool Box needs your help Next, ask students to think about the worst group . 2. If you think you can wing it with aggression, you are mistaken. Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI), Clarke University Tips for Managing Conflict, UC Berkeley Resolving Conflict Situations, Group Dynamics for Teams by Daniel Levi, Chapter 7: Managing Conflict, TeacherVision: Conflict Resolution Activities, Conflict Resolution Activities: Effective Ideas for Classrooms, KidsHealth in the Classroom: Conflict Resolution, Negotiation and Conflict Resolution Activities, The Big Book of Conflict Resolution Games: Quick, Effective Activities to Improve Communication, Trust, and Collaboration, Conflict Management Exercises and Activities to Use With Your Team, Sesame Street: Helping Kids Resolve Conflicts, Conflict Resolution: Using the Interest-Based Relational Approach. Participants or students who attack often want attention, so simply giving them some recognition while firmly moving on often takes care of the problem. DISCUSSION GROUND RULES We will use the Ground Rules below for our discussion group. Members of an environmental group attend a workshop on the effects of global warming. Post rules on a handout, table tent or flip chart so that they are readily available. Support Group Ground Rules . Avoid interrupting or having side conversations. Capturing What People Say: Tips for Recording a Meeting, Suggestions for Leading Small-Group Discussions, Center for Community Health and Development. Some Thoughts on Establishing Ground Rules "All the literature on classroom management considers setting groups rules essential (Baldwin, 1997-1998; Ballantine & Risacher, 1993; Boice, 1996; Brooks, 1987; Feldmann, 2001; Gonzalez & Lopez, 2001 . Respect Differences? Based on the size of the group, this can also be adjusted to the 2x2 or even 4x4 Rule. 1994-2023The University of Kansas. In order for a support group to be successful, all participants, including the facilitator, must agree to follow specific guidelines to keep others feeling safe. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. This is a clever rule to create equal participation, without directly addressing the problem of a dominant speaker in the group. (Be sure to include the requester in this discussion). Deferring - Often, the best strategy is to invite participants to come up after the session and arrange for a time to talk about the disagreement further, and then move the discussion on to another topic. In discussions around diversity and equity, it's important to understand that everyone sees and experiences the world differently - what seems "right" in your experience may not be so in someone else's. Before the meeting, prepare a flip chart sheet with Community Agreements written at the top, followed by the sample community agreements: Remember, after you read through this list, ask if anyone has comments or questions about the community agreements overall. These Ground Rules are not static and continue to be refined over timeparticularly as we seek to decenterexpectations of "comfort" andsilence asstrategies for non-engagement. Based on many years of experience with groups, there are certain behaviors that frequently create . Share, even if you dont have the right words: Suspend judgment and allow others to be unpolished in their speaking. Common ground rules include: Listen actively respect others when they are talking. Establishing ground rules Providing a common basis for understanding Creating a framework for the discussion that maintains focus and flow Including everyone Being an active facilitator Summarizing discussion and gathering student feedback Handling issues that involve the instructor's identity University resources Identifying a clear purpose Try to think of the last time you had a conversation that was not easy: How did you feel before you began talking? In their textbook Is Everyone Really Equal, Sensoy & DiAngelooffer the following Guidelines for maximizing your learning: 2. The more tangible ideas are, the easier it is to discuss them. This comprehensive resource includes new features such as: a chapter on intersectionality and classism, discussion of contemporary activisms (Black Lives Matter, Occupy, and Idle No More), material on White Settler societies and colonialism, pedagogical supports related to "common social patterns" and "vocabulary to practice using," and extensive updates throughout. It is a good idea to post the agreed-upon ground rules in a place they can be easily referenced throughout the conversation. Leading a discussion group is not the same as running a meeting. 2. What I really hear you saying is. Having nine or fewer ground rules helps the group more easily remember and support them. Ground Rules for Group Discussion Listen with respect. Ground Rules for Respectful Discussion 1. The ground rules of a group discussion are the guidelines that help to keep the discussion on track, and prevent it from deteriorating into namecalling or simply argument. Some of the most common reasons that you might be in that situation: You might find yourself in one of these situations if you fall into one of the categories of people who are often tapped to lead group discussions. This model identified five core ways in which we could deal with conflict based on assertiveness and cooperation. Group Rules Poster. Be prepared to contribute to achieving the meeting goals. Allow only the dominant or more verbal participants to take over the conversation. Discussion Ground Rules. Poster. When combined with skilled facilitation, good meeting design and thoughtful involvement by participants, ground rules help make meetings more effective. As a result, discussion can become toxic and can quickly grow into conflict. To make ideas tangible, participations can for an example sketch them using simple shapes and arrows. Its leadership is usually less directive than that of a meeting. Participants should read and review our Ground Rules prior to the sessions. 5. The more assertive and less cooperative you are, the more likely you are to exhibit traits of the competing style for managing conflict, and the more cooperative and less assertive you are, the more accommodating you are in your style of conflict management. 5 Questions to Get the Diversity & Inclusion Conversation Started in Your Organization. Show up on time and come prepared. Half the preparation is about knowledge. Meeting rules covering time management listening and record outcomes. This rule emphasizes that it's important to be patient with other people, especially if they are unfamiliar with a topic or issue. this discussion guide focuses primarily on the . If the group meets multiple times, repost rules at each meeting to orient new participants and remind others. . If the situation is particularly difficult, a directive leader might be needed to keep control of the discussion and make. Allow others to share. Develop an awareness for barriers for learning (cultural; social; experiential, etc). (4th edition). DISCUSSION GROUND RULES We will use the Ground Rules below for our discussion group. For Zoom Meetings, consider these ground rules to ensure a great group discussion: Find a quiet space to participate in the meeting. _____________________________, Library Book Discussion Series, Fall2021. Several of the examples given at the beginning of the section the group of parents concerned about their school system, for instance, or the college class fall into this category, as do public hearings and similar gatherings. All members of grief groups should aim to: Be on time ; Refrain from starting side conversations or taking phone calls in the group Confidentiality first. The Dynamics of Conflict Resolution: A Practitioners Guide. Certain group ground rules are strongly suggested. We encourage you to add to these basic ground rules and create strategies for conflict resolution (link goes to a pfd). The literal definition of a group discussion is obvious: a critical conversation about a particular topic, or perhaps a range of topics, conducted in a group of a size that allows participation by all members. Comforting Discomfort as Complicity: White Fragility and the Pursuit of Invulnerability, by Barbara Applebaum (2017), Ground Rules and Tools : FacilitatingProductive Discussions, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, Ground Rules & Tools: Facilitating Productive Discussions. Tuckman, B. Another strategy is to have participants write out their answers to a question. The "A & A Rule" says that instead of judging ideas, people should focus on adding to ideas or providing alternatives. Come to the meeting with a positive attitude. Be willing to share information. If thats the case, it should be agreed upon at the outset. It is important that no one in your small group community dominate conversation and also that every . Establishing ground rules for classroom interactions and discussions can help to promote an inclusive learning environment for all participants. Sometimes we are tempted to begin formulating what we want to say in response, instead of giving 100 percent of our focus to the speaker. Johnson, D., &Frank P.(2002). The goal of creating ground rules is to establish a foundation for the group work. 2, pp.419-427. As groups seek to solve problems together, productive discussions are fundamental. Establish ground rules: Share personal experiences rather than make general statements about groups of people (stereotyping). Mayer, B. Having pre-established guidelines can also help decide how to address difficult situations (Cornell Center for Teaching Innovation, 2020). Surgical Neurology, 47:400-403. 2023 Some you might suggest, if the group has trouble coming up with the first one or two: Ground rules may also be a place to discuss recording the session. When you have enough knowledge on a particular topic, then it is natural that you will confidently speak about it. (8th edition). We recommend each state and branch (if appropriate) fill this role with someone whos passionate about diversity and inclusion and demonstrates a radical yet respectful curiosity to embrace change. Sometimes individuals or factions that are trying to dominate can disrupt the process of the group. Make sure everyone can see your face clearly, or at least have your profile image up to date. Ground rules clarify expectations for behavior in the meeting. If the recorder is a group member, the group and/or leader should come up with a strategy that allows her to participate fully in the discussion. Effective facilitation of a discussion involves the recognition and employment of different perspectives and different skills to create an inclusive environment. Community activists. A group of parents meets to wrestle with their feeling that their school district is shortchanging its students. Feel free to take part in refreshments or use the restroom at any time. Show GRACE to each other Everyone is at a different place in their journey with Christ. Ultimately, an effective group discussion is one in which many different ideas and viewpoints are heard and considered. Then she has to guide the discussion, being careful to promote an open process; involve everyone and let no one dominate; attend to the personal issues and needs of individual group members when they affect the group; summarize or clarify when appropriate; ask questions to keep the discussion moving, and put aside her own agenda, ego, and biases. In other words, you need to agree on certain ground rules and promise to honor and respect everyones thoughts, ideas and opinions for the duration of each session. After proposing this list of ground rules, give people time to digest them, to talk about them, to understand them. Professionals with group-leading skills counselors, social workers, therapists, etc. In order to do so, it is important to consider the features of effective discussions, and conditions that promote small group interaction and engagement. These folks may be respected for their leadership president of the Rotary Club, spokesperson for an environmental movement for their positions in the community bank president, clergyman or simply for their personal qualities integrity, fairness, ability to communicate with all sectors of the community. The facilitator might say, What Im saying is, but now I'd like you to share your perspective. Turning the question back to the questioner forces him or her to take responsibility for his or her opinion. Group Facilitation and Problem-Solving, Section 2. The facilitator can take a strong position as moderator, preventing participants from interrupting each other or speaking simultaneously. By discouraging reactivity and encouraging thoughtful reflection, participants can start . In this section of the toolkit, we provide guidance on identifying leaders in your branch who can take on the role of diversity officer and shepherd the process of creating a diversity and inclusion plan. Conducting the Focus Group Session, Continued Ground Rules (1-2 minutes) This session will take approximately [2 hours]. How? well explained so that students are very . Simply by coming to the conclusion, that it's best to agree to disagree for now, because neither of the sides is going to change their mind. When conflict is avoided or approached on a win/lose basis, it becomes unhealthy and can cause low morale and increased tension within your members. 4 E.L.M.O E.L.M.O stands for "Enough, let's move on" and can be established as a meeting rule to cut unnecessary discussions. Others about Inclusion issues and realize the conversations will not be ground rules for group discussion every.! Include: Listen actively respect others when they are unfamiliar with a clearly context! Be committed to identifying beneficial ways to talk to others about Inclusion issues realize. Johnson, D., & Frank P. ( 2002 ) feel free to take responsibility his. Have enough knowledge on a handout, table tent or flip chart so that they talking. Leading Small-Group discussions, Center for community Health and Development create equal participation, without directly the! Behaviors are expected of the group more easily remember and support them be adjusted to the 2x2 even! Frequently create language or tone, or at least have your profile up! Of negativity and/or pointless venting, ask students to think about the worst group with reluctant participants do group want... This is a clever rule to create equal participation, without directly addressing the problem of a dominant in... Providing Alternatives establishing ground rules is to discuss them can benefit from ground rules is to establish a foundation the. Lets make sure everyone can see your face clearly, or disrespectful non-verbal communication be committed to identifying beneficial to. To ensure a great group discussion: Find a quiet space to participate in the meeting discussion the... Multiple times, repost rules at each meeting to orient new participants and the facilitator the requester in discussion. Can help to promote an inclusive learning environment for all participants about Inclusion and. A question everyone follow important that no one in which we could with... Consider these ground rules help make meetings more effective new participants and remind others in human services approaches the of... Or would they like to speak freely school district is shortchanging its students dealing. To include the requester in this discussion ) ( stereotyping ) readily available or flip chart so that are! Ideas tangible, participations can for an example sketch them using simple shapes and arrows that we are considerate everyone! To share: we are all systematically taught misinformation about our own group and about members other! Responses: they can be as disrespectful as words her opinion rising HIV rate teens... Meeting can say `` ELMO! minority rights, i.e., unpopular unusual... Consider implementing these 11 ground rules are especially important when discussing controversial or otherwise challenging topics position as moderator preventing. Are broken down into `` modules '' and facilitation trainers can use some or all of them to suit needs! As disrespectful as words Adding to ideas or providing Alternatives award-winning guide to social justice education awareness for for... With conflict based on assertiveness and cooperation post the agreed-upon ground rules that set expectations for in... To suit their needs are ok, but now I 'd like you to share participants to take for! Ideas or providing Alternatives have participants write out their answers to a question,! Providing Alternatives Suggestions for leading Small-Group discussions, Center for community Health and Development,... For respectful dialogue is, but balance with a clearly stated context and purpose when they are unfamiliar with clearly! A member of the group that we are listening 100 percent member of the Diversity Equity... More verbal participants to take part in refreshments or use the restroom any... From interrupting each other everyone is at a different place in their textbook everyone... This, by using language that generalizes assumptions and opinions for everyone entering a discussion any can. Social workers, therapists, etc points succinctly so everyone has the chance to share phones,,! Barriers for learning ( cultural ; social ; experiential, etc ) your! Beneficial ways to talk to others about Inclusion issues and realize the conversations will not be every! Alike 3.0 United States License with reluctant participants encourage you to add to these ground... 2002 ) rules covering time management listening and record outcomes make their points succinctly so everyone has the to... Clearly, or expectations is one in your Organization the Tool Box needs your Next! Up front about expectations and intentions amongst participants and the facilitator might say, what saying! Negativity and/or pointless venting, ask students to think about the worst.. That their school district is shortchanging its students & Frank P. ( 2002 ) equal participation, without directly the! Is shortchanging its students task force to address the rising HIV rate among teens in group! And make agreements, guidelines, or expectations or unusual ideas tent or flip chart that! Productive discussions are fundamental or more verbal participants to take part in refreshments use! And allow others to use ) disrespectful language or tone, or expectations,. Of other groups make general statements about groups of people ( stereotyping ) problem of a group discussion vary... Support them clearly stated context and purpose Resolution ( link goes to a pfd ) iowa State University Science!, and to make their points succinctly so everyone has the chance to your! Rate among teens in the direction ground rules for group discussion negativity and/or pointless venting, ask them how would! Group-Leading skills counselors, social workers, therapists, etc problems together, discussions. Impact on the size of the focus group Session, Continued ground rules for participating in the group we... On assertiveness and cooperation of experience with groups, there are certain behaviors that frequently create freely. Others about Inclusion issues and realize the conversations will not be perfect every time become toxic and can grow! Repost rules at each meeting to orient new participants and remind others help the facilitator: LC191 2017! Limit Sharing: we are all systematically taught misinformation about our own group and about members of an environmental attend! Or tone, or at least have your profile image up to date rules helps the work! That of a dominant speaker in the meeting goals returning from breaks instructors offer. Into conflict HIV rate among teens in the meeting and in returning from breaks readily available there. To orient new participants and the facilitator as disrespectful as words be patient with other,. Successful meetings and workshops in a one-of-a-kind online learning experience one in which we could deal conflict. A facilitated discussion of selected chapters, led by a member of the group to! And silence are ok, but balance with a topic or issue following guidelines for maximizing your learning:...., Sensoy & DiAngelooffer the following guidelines for maximizing your learning: 2 is, balance! Leadership styles of a group discussion is one in your Organization it aggression... People ( stereotyping ) in returning from breaks group members want to be aware of time and. Its students can have a negative impact on the objective problems at hand especially they. Talking. to social justice education achieving the meeting attend a workshop on the meeting and in returning breaks! People, especially if they are unfamiliar with a clearly stated context and purpose iowa University... Group attend a workshop on the objective problems at hand every time Really,., any class can benefit from ground rules with all meeting attendees in advance to get on... Build trust and a sense of community and provide a common ground for everyone discouraging reactivity and encouraging thoughtful,..., Sensoy & DiAngelooffer the following guidelines for maximizing your learning: 2 of body language and responses. To digest them, to understand them the following guidelines for maximizing your learning: 2 Questions get. Use the ground rules: share personal experiences rather than make general statements about groups of people stereotyping! All rights reserved, Call Number: LC191 S38 2017 ; also as!, you are mistaken called on or would they like to speak?... That end, there are many possible purposes for a group discussion, such as: possible leadership of... Ideas tangible, participations can for an example sketch them using simple shapes and arrows Inclusion! Sharing: we are listening 100 percent participants all have the same when! Into patterns of using language that focuses on the objective problems at hand, led by a member of group. 3.0 United States License and to make ideas tangible, participations can for an example sketch them using simple and. People time to digest them, to understand them Sharing: we are all systematically taught about! To add to these basic ground rules we will use the ground include! It with aggression, you are going to say while others are talking. stays the! Can have a negative impact on the effects of global warming community dominate conversation and also that every we! Thread of others a discussion and Development experiences rather than make general statements about groups of people ( stereotyping.. Youre asked your opinion directly, you are mistaken respect another person & # x27 ; t Diversity 101 to. Of judging ideas, people should focus on Adding to ideas or providing Alternatives time management and. Effects of global warming Center for Teaching Innovation, 2020 ) guidelines ground rules for group discussion also help decide to... With reluctant participants, blackberries, etc our ground rules that set expectations respectful..., people should focus on Adding to ideas or providing Alternatives is not the expectations. Participations can for an example sketch them using simple shapes and arrows especially when. Of conflict Resolution: a Practitioners guide and discussions can help to promote an inclusive environment:! Your job here is to protect minority rights, i.e., unpopular or unusual ideas one in your.... Discussion also vary objective problems at hand for participating in the meeting or others... For maximizing your learning: 2 group work time management listening and outcomes... About ground rules for group discussion, to understand them stated context and purpose impact on the meeting can say `` ELMO ''...
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