Many ghostwritten articles are used by pharmaceutical companies to present manipulated data in order to increase sales. Pharmaceutical companies often hire MECCs to publish and place papers in peer-reviewed medical journals. Academia suffers from a “publish-or-perish” culture. Readers are more likely to trust a paper written by a well-respected physician than one by a pharmaceutical company. The ethical issues began to tap me on the shoulder: perhaps the most memorable example of this was a contraceptive product that caused severe, unpredictable vaginal bleeding in some women. The average payment per editor was $28,000. Empowering the People. If you were injured by a drug, check out our list of open lawsuits, or contact us for a free, no-obligation legal review. Elliot Ross investigated the industry in an article for The Guardian. Adelphi, a company that has promoted drugs like Neurontin, offers services like scientific narrative development, expert engagement, and scientific medical writing—services that sound an awful lot like ghostwriting. In other words—the bad news is that a meteorite will strike you, but the good news is—a meteorite will strike you! requires that authors who contribute more than 1% of the manuscript must be disclosed in the acknowledgements, and individuals who contribute more than 25% must be listed as an author. The Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy requires that authors who contribute more than 1% of the manuscript must be disclosed in the acknowledgements, and individuals who contribute more than 25% must be listed as an author. Holding Companies Accountable. “These academics are willing to enter into this relationship because of the importance of authorship to their careers,” explained an anonymous pharmaceutical ghostwriter in an “Interview with a Ghost.” “You can’t entirely blame the pharma company. Medical Journals Are Haunted by Pharma’s Ghostwriters. One of the released internal documents was a flow-chart created by Eric Crown, Merck’s publications manager, that outlined each step of the editorial process. As Zantac Lawsuit MDL Opens, Companies Look for Carcinogen Origin, Financial Technology Company Plaid Accused Of Banking Data Ripoff. Sometimes the named author will edit the article before it’s published, but their contributions are often small. So, how are pharmaceutical companies able to infiltrate them so easily? Parke Davis, a Pfizer-acquired company, reportedly paid academics $1,000 per paper for the right to use their names as the primary authors. In 2014, half of medical journal editors received payments from drug companies. Instead, an academic or other notable figure’s name is recognized as the author. Merck allegedly made false statements about Vioxx’s safety to Medicaid agencies, including “inaccurate, unsupported, or misleading” statements to increase sales. Typically, the author is a professional writer with scientific expertise, hired by medical-education and communications companies. Empowering the People. Nor is it a substitute for seeking appropriate medical, or other professional advice. Dr. Michelle P. Warren, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Columbia, alluded to this pressure when it was discovered that an article she wrote about the drug Prempro failed to acknowledge two writers from DesignWrite, a firm hired by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. 1 0 obj
Not surprisingly, the peer-reviewed articles Merck wrote downplayed Vioxx’s risks. Nearly 75 percent of doctors change their treatment plans monthly or quarterly based on the medical literature they read. According to Dollars for Docs, in 2014 half of medical journal editors received payments from drug companies. It’s easy to understand why a drug company would want to use a well-respected academic’s name as the author on a paper they wrote. endobj
They only reported 17 of the 20 heart attacks experienced by their VIGOR trial participants in an article for the NEJM. Yet, even these publications are guilty of unknowingly publishing content written by ghostwriters. content. Please note that you are not considered a client until you have signed a retainer agreement and your case has been accepted by us. There are hundreds of these. All Rights Reserved. Prior results do not guarantee or predict a similar outcome with respect to any future matter. Read MoreHow to Make a Billion Dollars in the Pharmaceutical Industry. They only reported, four of the articles had favorable conclusions, Medical Journals Are Haunted by Pharma’s Ghostwriters. Given the confusion and the lack of oversight, it’s no surprise that ghostwriters have been able to infiltrate even the most well-respected academic journals. In an article for PLoS Medicine, Linda Logdberg, a former writer for a medical communication company, shared why she ultimately left the profession after 15 years. found that 37 of the top 50 medical institutions lacked policies prohibiting ghostwriting. The problem is that most journals don’t have specific policies for ghostwriting. <>>>
obstetrics and gynecology at Columbia, alluded to this pressure when it was discovered that an article she wrote about the drug Prempro failed to acknowledge two writers from DesignWrite, a firm hired by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. Medical ghostwriting can be viewed as “intentional misrepresentation.” If a jury finds that the misrepresentation contributed to patient harm, companies may be held liable in personal injury lawsuits. “Yet advertising masquerading as unbiased health information clearly threatens the fundamental assumptions of scientific research.”. After Merck’s employees finished writing the articles, including discussing clinical study findings, and selecting where the article would be published, Not surprisingly, the peer-reviewed articles Merck wrote downplayed Vioxx’s risks. , in 2014 half of medical journal editors received payments from drug companies. Ghostwritten articles about Prempro, a drug that treats menopause, downplayed its breast cancer risk, and articles about Paxil, an antidepressant, downplayed the increased risk of suicidal thoughts among children. Universities encourage academics to play this game.”, When asked whether the estimate that one in every 10 studies includes a ghostwriter, the ghostwriter responded that it seemed “a little low.”, “You have to remember that authorship is key to success and survival for most researchers.”. It’s too much work. And, since many doctors in the Medicare system rely on peer-reviewed medical journals to help them make prescription decisions, ghostwriting could be considered an act of fraud against the federal government. <>
Only 72 of the Vioxx articles ghostwritten by Merck disclosed Merck’s sponsorship or financial ties to the author. Morgan & Morgan, PA. 20 North Orange Ave, Suite 1600, Orlando, FL 32801. Steinman identified seven peer-reviewed articles for an anticonvulsant drug, Neurontin, that were written by MECCs: produced between 1996 and 2004 included contracts with medical publishing companies for ghostwritten articles, and exchanges with the academics who were listed as the authors of those articles. Universities kick students out for putting their names on papers they didn’t write. In response to the rise of ghostwritten articles responses such as stricter laws and publishing regulations are proposed. GlaxoSmithKline settled a lawsuit filed by New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer for $2.5 million. To become tenured, professors must publish multiple studies and books while they teach. “Wordsmithing is ubiquitous in all promotional writing, not just ghostwriting: it’s the name of the game,” she reflected in an interview with, Medical ghostwriting can be viewed as “intentional misrepresentation.” If a jury finds that the misrepresentation contributed to patient harm, companies may be held liable in. In 2006, researcher Michael Steinman identified seven peer-reviewed articles for an anticonvulsant drug, Neurontin, that were written by MECCs: four of the articles had favorable conclusions, and the other three presented neutral conclusions. Ghostwriting is when a writer writes a significant portion of a paper, or all of it, but isn’t credited. When confronted with the high rates of ghostwriting in the NEJM, the highest among all of the journals, a spokesperson for the journal said she was “completely shocked.”. 4 0 obj
A JAMA study found that among 72 Vioxx articles ghostwritten by Merck, only half of them disclosed Merck’s sponsorship or financial ties to the author. A review of editorial policies for 399 peer-reviewed medical journals discovered that only 10% had explicit definitions of ghostwriting, and less than 6 percent had methods of detecting and responding to ghostwriting. Internal documents produced between 1996 and 2004 included contracts with medical publishing companies for ghostwritten articles, and exchanges with the academics who were listed as the authors of those articles. �5��*��ǚ�h��K��dD�e�DO�xn����.�d�S���e���0c#.��ҜU�HuLIa�.Yr_�M;����)����'��˖O}U7@��8��3F��U�)���gEA8�jp��r���,��]��,-�rQ3o
sZ�s��#^2o�9;��?%�E]�)7}���\ZS����i�f�+��%W. Medical education and communication companies (MECCs) help drug companies write and publish content that shines a favorable light on their products. “These academics are willing to enter into this relationship because of the importance of authorship to their careers.”. Given the confusion and the lack of oversight, it’s no surprise that ghostwriters have been able to infiltrate even the most well-respected academic journals, “These academics are willing to enter into this relationship because of the importance of authorship to their careers,” explained an anonymous pharmaceutical ghostwriter in an, ” “You can’t entirely blame the pharma company. x��W�o�H~G��G�R���OU�K��rR����=�b'�[cz�ߙu��e��C�^vv���ۙ���Za�qF��En����>���p �{x�vt��� Attorney Advertising. , uses metadata in Microsoft Word to help detect unnamed authors. Peer-reviewed journals are respected for having high editorial standards. endobj
And even the best policies can’t protect against the influence of cold hard cash. After just five years on the market, Merck voluntarily withdrew Vioxx in 2004. There are hundreds of these companies, which are mostly located near pharmaceutical companies in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the U.K. “‘Key messages’ laid out by the drug companies are accommodated to the extent that they can be supported by available data.”. More than one in 10 articles published in the NEJM were written with help from a ghostwriter. If this information isn’t accurate, it can have dangerous consequences. Research showed that Vioxx doubled the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients who took the medication for more than 18 months. Internal documents produced between 1996 and 2004 included contracts with medical publishing companies for ghostwritten articles, and exchanges with the academics who were listed as the authors of those articles. After Merck’s employees finished writing the articles, including discussing clinical study findings, and selecting where the article would be published, only then did they determine whose name would be used as the author. �w����=|댥����uƲg|�8��@@���j8@�胠2+2.+����4d0��7�+~�>%��
�״���w[ �^�R n�J��D�c��o켱�ЫBv=ZZ�Q9��E�����2�YA]�]9I/=�yp���9��z�@��s3�W-��o3o=����4z""N��bD��֑�0�=[��(e!4�!��C�=U�2� ��-���n���w*�C�*YwAM1K��L?�74���g��I�(��AQ�����G��ϥ:���Bv&�8����'��sԶ����u2+�C��)b�i^/x�}NMu�2��Μͽ�#>Ŝ>s But ethicists argue that by hiding editorial contributions from pharmaceutical companies, readers may not be aware of the inherent bias in the writing. And, since many doctors in the Medicare system rely on peer-reviewed medical journals to help them make prescription decisions, ghostwriting could be considered an act of fraud against the federal government. Publications like The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the Public Library of Science (PLoS), and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) are respected for the quality of the research they print. were written with help from a ghostwriter. Holding Companies Accountable. TPC #2: In laymen’s terms, what is medical ghostwriting and why should it be a concern? The obsession with bylines causes many academics to prioritize quantity over quality. My job was to draft a monograph that would profile the product’s benefits, one of which, according to the client, was that although the bleeding could be severe, it was at least something that women could anticipate. How to Find Out If Your Doctor Is on the Payroll of Big Pharma, Boy Scouts of America Sex Abuse Class Action Lawsuit, for 399 peer-reviewed medical journals discovered that only 10% had explicit definitions of ghostwriting, and less than 6 percent had methods of detecting and responding to ghostwriting. The company quickly settled for $2.5 million. Nor is it a substitute for seeking appropriate medical, or other professional advice. But why would the academic agree to risk their reputation? And in 2004, New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer filed a lawsuit against GlaxoSmithKline that alleged their ghostwritten articles overpromised Paxil’s benefits and failed to disclose its dangerous side effects. A separate study found that 8 percent of JAMA‘s articles had undisclosed ghostwriters, and 7.6 percent of PLoS’ content. The reality though is that most published medical research has gaping holes. How to Make a Billion Dollars in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Doctors in the Dark With Only Half of Drug Research, Boy Scouts of America Sex Abuse Class Action Lawsuit. And even the best policies can’t protect against the influence of cold hard cash. Readers are more likely to trust a paper written by a well-respected physician than one by a pharmaceutical company. A study published in. , Linda Logdberg, a former writer for a medical communication company, shared why she ultimately left the profession after 15 years. Ghost authorship occurs when an unacknowledged author writes, or makes substantial contributions to, an article published in the peer-reviewed science literature. She explained how she was pressured to downplay dangerous side effects of pharmaceutical drugs in order to boost sales. 2 0 obj
One of the most dangerous pharmaceutical ghostwriting strategies came from Merck, who tried to use content to boost sales of their arthritis drug Vioxx (rofecoxib). Ghostwriting may also violate the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute which prohibits pharmaceutical companies from paying doctors and researchers for endorsements. Elliot Ross investigated the industry in an article for, The Journal of the American Medical Association. ) Drug companies know this, which is why they pay doctors for the right to list their names as authors on papers the company actually wrote. Even though adverse drug effects appear in 95% of medical research, only 46% of the literature discloses them. A study published in PLOS One found that 37 of the top 50 medical institutions lacked policies prohibiting ghostwriting. When confronted with the high rates of ghostwriting in the, , the highest among all of the journals, a spokesperson for the journal said she was “completely shocked.”. Besides violating readers’ trust, swapping author names can have dangerous consequences in the medical field. The authors of the study found this troubling since, as they put it, “, Ghostwriting is intrinsically linked to inappropriate authorship.”, Medical institutions also haven’t clearly prohibited doctors from participating in these unethical projects. Medical institutions also haven’t clearly prohibited doctors from participating in these unethical projects. So, how can we hold drug companies accountable for ghostwriting? This entry was posted in Big Pharma, In the research lab, Marketing ethics, Medical ghostwriting and tagged Avandia warning, Big Pharma, Bioethics, CASPPER, Dr. Amy Snow Landa, Dr. Carl Elliott, ghostwriting, GlaxoSmithKline, information laundering, marketing-based medicine, medical research, selling sickness, thought leader, University of Minnesota Center for Biothetics by Carolyn … Some companies believe that if the named author has an opportunity to review and make edits to the paper they supposedly wrote, it isn’t ghostwriting. Academics received between $750 and $2500 to have their names listed as authors. Papers written by pharmaceutical companies are more likely to emphasize the benefits of their products, which may mislead doctors into thinking a drug or device is safer than it actually is. Medical Examiner Big Pharma’s Attempt to Ghostwrite for Stat Ended Badly—but Not Badly Enough Stat retracted the story, but for the wrong reasons and without addressing the real problem. stream
The integrity of medical research is also harmed by ghostwritten articles, he said. are respected for the quality of the research they print. I am not getting paid for it.”. Ghostwriting may also violate the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute which prohibits pharmaceutical companies from paying doctors and researchers for endorsements. The information contained on this Web site is not medical advice and is not intended to be medical advice. Some editors are trying to expose and fight medical ghostwriting by strengthening their editorial policies, taking away academic grants, and using creative detection methods. Medical ghostwriting is generally the practice of disguising marketing as science. They are backed by for-profit companies … Please note that you are not considered a client until you have signed a retainer agreement and your case has been accepted by us. All Rights Reserved. © 2020. endobj
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The authors of the study found this troubling since, as they put it, “Ghostwriting is intrinsically linked to inappropriate authorship.”. According to. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
Merck was found guilty of violating the False Claims Act, a law that imposes liability on individuals and companies who defraud the federal government. “Wordsmithing is ubiquitous in all promotional writing, not just ghostwriting: it’s the name of the game,” she reflected in an interview with The New York Times. companies, which are mostly located near pharmaceutical companies in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the U.K. Pharmaceutical companies often hire MECCs to publish and place papers in peer-reviewed medical journals. “‘Key messages’ laid out by the drug companies are accommodated to the extent that they can be supported by available data.”. Medical ghostwriting has been criticized by a variety of professional ... and 2008 with a 14-28% response rate found a decrease in number of people who reported ghostwriting among professional medical writers. These articles are destined to appear under the names of scientists who contribute little to their writing. Readers are more likely to trust a paper written by a physician than one by a pharmaceutical company. One of the most dangerous pharmaceutical ghostwriting strategies came from Merck, who tried to use content to boost sales of their arthritis drug Vioxx (rofecoxib). Drug companies know this, which is why they engage in ghostwriting. Ghostwriting is part of marketing that can distort the evidence on a drug, Lemmens said. Universities encourage academics to play this game.”. Dr. McHenry: Medical ghostwriting is a creation of the pharmaceutical industry and it has spawned another industry called “medical communication companies” that function as agents for ghostwriting. , Merck’s publications manager, that outlined each step of the editorial process. The average payment per editor was $28,000. Prior results do not guarantee or predict a similar outcome with respect to any future matter. But Big Pharma’s influence is wide, and the industry still has long to go to fight its influence. Internal documents released during litigation against drug companies shows similar practices across the industry. The information contained on this Web site is not medical advice and is not intended to be medical advice. When confronted, Dr. Warren responded: “I would never undertake this without some help. Our attorneys fight every day on behalf of patients harmed by pharmaceutical drugs. %PDF-1.5
Frederic Curtiss, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy, uses metadata in Microsoft Word to help detect unnamed authors. He detects unnamed authors in one in every three articles he receives. Yet, even these publications are guilty of unknowingly publishing content written by ghostwriters. As Zantac Lawsuit MDL Opens, Companies Look for Carcinogen Origin, Financial Technology Company Plaid Accused Of Banking Data Ripoff. Medical education and communication companies (MECCs) help drug companies write and publish content that shines a favorable light on their products. Medical ghostwriting, while in and of itself ethical, is used for unethical purposes. In a survey of 622 medical research authors, nearly 8 percent said ghostwriters contributed to their articles. But, doctors are often financially rewarded for it. © 2020. Physicians aren’t seeing the complete picture. He detects unnamed authors in one in every three articles he receives. Attorney Advertising. Morgan & Morgan, PA. 20 North Orange Ave, Suite 1600, Orlando, FL 32801. “Having talked to over a dozen publication planners I found that the standard approach to article preparation is for planners to work hand-in-glove with drug companies to create a first draft,” he said. There are a few laws that medical ghostwriting may violate. <>
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